ZAMIACEAE

The Zamiaceae or zamia family is closely related to Cycadaceae, both are dioecious gymnosperms (non-flowering plant with distinct male and female individuals). It comprises of some 150+ species which exhibit pinnate leaves, thick stems, and prominent cones containing bright orange seeds. All Zamiaceae contain glycoside toxins called macrozamins, which are similar in action to  cycasin. Cattles that consume the leaves or fruits of Zamiaceae  develop a fatal disease called Zamia staggers. It is characterised by progressive paralysis of the hind limbs followed by brain damage and death within several weeks.

The cardboard 'palm' (Zamia furfuracea) is a hardy species which is cultivated as landscaping plant.

Zamia furfuracea, immature leaves.